2

Patients are educated chiefly through referral to self-management and patient support classes, or to social networks. Decisions regarding patient care and treatment are made between patients and healthcare professionals. Some investment in self-management tools.

4

Training in patient empowerment is made available to healthcare providers, clinical educators, pharmacists, patients and all caregivers. Collaborative decision-making is part of routine care and treatment. Heavy state investment and incentives to stakeholders in self-management tools, training and education.